Urinalysis yog qhov kev kuaj mob ib txwm siv dav hauv kev coj ua hauv chaw kuaj mob. Los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab siv cov zis thiab kho kom zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab muab cov pov thawj tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Cov qauv kev xeem tau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom tau qhov tseeb thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig. Cov kab lus no qhia cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm rau kev kuaj mob chaw kuaj ntshav.
Qauv Sau thiab Kev Ua
Cov zis sau zis yog thawj kauj ruam hauv cov txheej txheem ntsuas, thiab nws qhov zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsom xam cov txiaj ntsig. Feem ntau nws pom zoo kom sau cov zis thaum sawv ntxov, raws li kev noj haus huv si thiab cuam tshuam ntau dua los tshawb xyuas qhov tsis zoo los ntsuas qhov txawv txav. Ua ntej sau, Vulva yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom txhob ua paug rau cov paug nrog cov kab mob lossis kab mob. Rau cov kev xeem tshwj xeeb (xws li tso zis kev cai), cov txheej txheem nruj nruj yuav tsum tau ua raws.
Cov qauv zis yuav tsum xa mus rau kev kuaj kom sai li sai tau. Yog tias kev sim tsis tuaj yeem ua tam sim ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub tub yees rau ntawm 2-8℃rau tsis pub dhau 2 teev los tiv thaiv cov lysis cell lossis tshuaj lom neeg. Qee qhov kev sim khoom (xws li Urobilinogen) yuav distort ua rau muaj kev cia siab, yog li lub chaw soj neeb, yog li lub chaw ua hauj lwm feem ntau tau ua piv txwv cov qauv tshiab.
Kev Ntsuas Cov Khoom Vaj Tse
Thawj kauj ruam hauv nroog zis yog kev soj ntsuam thawj zaug ntawm cov qauv lub cev lub cev, suav nrog cov xim, suav nrog kev sib pom. Cov zis li qub yog lub teeb daj rau Amber thiab meej. Tsis muaj xim dub (xws li tsaus daj, liab, lossis mis dawb) yuav qhia lub cev qhuav dej, hematuria, lossis chyluria. Txo cov lus pom meej yog ib qho nrog kev tso zis lossis cov dej nag lossis daus.
Kev nqus tau zoo (SG) qhia txog kev xav ntawm cov zis thiab feem ntau ntsuas siv cov pleev luam yeeb lossis kev siv hluav taws xob lossis rov ua haujlwm. Qhov qub ntau yog 1.003-1.030. Ib qho kev nce qib siab dua SG yuav qhia lub cev qhuav dej lossis ntshav qab zib, thaum muaj SG txo qis nrog lub raum tsis sib xws.
Tshuaj Muaj Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
Tshuaj soj ntsuam yog cov tseem ceeb tivthaiv ntawm ib qho chaw nres tsheb. Nws tseem siv cov hlua ntsuam xyuas (tso zis kuaj kab mob) rau cov tshuaj ntau, nrog rau pH, cov kua zaub,
1. PH: Cov khoom lag luam yog 4.5 {}}}}}} 8.0, cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj haus thiab cov metabolic yam. Acidic zis yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau lossis acidose, thaum cov zis alkaline yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev mob tso zis lossis cov tsiaj tsis noj nqaij.
2. Protein: Cov zis ib txwm muaj protein ntau tsawg (<150 mg/24 hours). A positive dipstick test may indicate physiological factors such as glomerular filtration barrier damage (such as nephritis) or strenuous exercise.
3. Cov piam thaj: ib txwm muaj, tsis pom muaj cov zis. Qhov txiaj ntsig tau zoo zaus feem ntau pom muaj ntshav qab zib lossis lub raum tub rog tsis sib xws.
4. Ketone lub cev: Cov no suav nrog acetoacetate, - hydroxybutyrate, thiab acetone. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tau pom muaj cov kabmob ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis lossis lub sijhawm ntev.
5. Bilirubin thiab Urobilinogen: Siv rau hauv txoj kev kuaj mob sib txawv ntawm jaundice. Qib Bilirubin zoo qhia txog tus mob hepatobiliary, thaum ib qib urobilinogen ntau yuav cuam tshuam nrog hemolysis lossis mob hepatocellular puas.
6. Nitrite: Ua los ntawm qee cov kab mob (xws li Escherichia Coli) los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm nitrates. Kev ntsuas zoo qhia txog kev mob tso zis.
7. Leukocyte Esterase: tsom rau kev tso zis tawm. Qhov kev ntsuas zoo feem ntau nrog pyuria lossis bacteriuria.
Cov me me kuaj
Cov ntawv me me soj ntsuam xyuas cov ntsiab lus pom hauv cov zis, wbcs liab), epithelial hlwb, muaju, muaju thiab cov kab mob epithels. Cov qauv yog feem ntau centrifuged (1500-2000 rpm rau 5 feeb), ua raws li los ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab lossis kev soj ntsuam uas siv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.
• Cov ntshav liab: qee zaum pom hauv cov zis ib txwm (<3 per high-power field); an increased number suggests hematuria, which may result from glomerular disease, stones, or tumors.
• Cov qe ntshav dawb: cov nuj nqis li qub yog<5 per high-power field. An elevated number is often associated with urinary tract infection or inflammation.
• Cov xwm txheej: xws li hyaline, granular, lossis waxy pov yog ntawm cov nqi kuaj mob zoo nkauj (xws li GLOMERULONHRITIS).
• Cov muaju: xws li calstals calcium thiab uric acid muaj kua, muaj cov lej loj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov pob zeb ua haujlwm.
Automated ntsuam xyuas kev xeem thiab tswj kev tswj hwm zoo
Niaj hnub no urinalysis urinalysis siv siv cov twj paj nruag, siv cov nus cytometry lossis digital cov duab thev naus laus zis txhim kho thiab raug. Cov tshuab tsis siv neeg tuaj yeem ua ke saib xyuas lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab microscopic tsis thiab tsim cov ntawv ceeb toom qauv.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov kev ntseeg tau, cov chaw soj ntsuam yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem tswj hwm zoo, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas tsis tu ncua, thiab kev koom tes nrog kev ntsuas kev ntsuas zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub cav yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem qauv kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem xws li cov teeb meem tas sij hawm, cov qauv kev paug, thiab kev nyeem kom tsis huv, thiab nyeem kom raug.
Kev Txhais Lus thiab Saib Xyuas Qhov Tseem Ceeb
Cov txiaj ntsig UREBYYRYRYRY yuav tsum tau txhais ua ke nrog tus neeg mob cov tsos mob kho mob thiab lwm yam kev xeem. Piv txwv li, Proteinuria nrog Hematuria yuav qhia txog Glomerulonephritis, thaum glucosuria ua ke nrog lub cev Ketone zoo tsa lub txim Ketocidosis. Cov txiaj ntsig txawv txav tsis tas yuav kuaj ntxiv (xws li zis ntawm kev kos duab, cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev) kom paub meej qhov ua rau.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus xaus, tus txheej txheem urinalysis ua rau ntau cov kauj ruam, suav nrog kev sau qauv, kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev, microscopic, thiab kev tswj hwm me me. Nws yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb thiab txhais tau tias txhais tau, nws tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa muaj zog rau kev kuaj ntxov thiab kho cov kab mob.